Biological Sciences

Prof YU Hao

Head of Department

“Our multidisciplinary research continues to focus on and excel in finding solutions to pressing issues such as food security, sustainability, health and diseases, and climate change, to name a few.”

Shaping Future Talent

The Department of Biological Sciences’ undergraduate programme in Life Sciences welcomed 400 students under the new College of Humanities and Sciences (CHS) curriculum. The strong enrolment was a testament to the versatile structure and flexibility of our curriculum.

Recognising Teaching Excellence

Assoc Prof LAM Siew Hong received the NUS Annual Teaching Excellence Award (2022). For him, the opportunity to teach is a privilege and he tries to impart knowledge to his students so that they can learn some “small positive influences” that benefit their lives.

After a two-year hiatus, the Amgen Scholars Programme, an international research internship for undergraduates, brought together 22 outstanding scholars from local, regional and international universities on a common platform for research training and discussions during the summer break.

MSc in Biotechnology

MSc in Biodiversity Conservation and Nature-based Climate Solutions

We also saw our first cohort of graduates from our new Master of Science (MSc) by Coursework programmes – MSc in Biotechnology (MBT) and MSc in Biodiversity Conservation and Nature-based Climate Solutions (MBCNCS).

MBT offers multiple interesting capstone projects targeting pressing biotechnological discoveries, while MBCNCS was packed with exciting conversations with leaders of conservation and nature-based climate solutions, as well as outstanding internships and projects for students.

Shaping Future Solutions

We continue to address biological questions through multi- and interdisciplinary research using various organism models that thread across different scales, leading to discoveries with the potential to transform lives and the environment.

Biotechnological research

Regulating Plant Development

Prof YU Hao reported the first regulator that mediates the specificity of ribonucleic acid (RNA) modification in rice and also provides a novel mechanism for male meiosis and auxin biosynthesis in plants. This provides further important insights into successful plant development. This work was published in Developmental Cell (January 2022).

Fighting acute infection and cancer immunomodulation

Prof DING Jeak Ling, who has been pioneering biomedical research into the fundamentals of innate immunity since 1984, continued her research on host defence against bacterial infections by demonstrating that proliferating transitional premonocytes, an immediate precursor of mature macrophages (MatMos), replenish MatMos to fight bacterial infection and sepsis. This work was published in Science Advances (March 2022). At the same time, her research on natural killer cells in cancer immunomodulation was published in Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology (May 2022).

Protecting Lung Health

Assoc Prof GE Ruowen discovered an important physiological mechanism for maintaining lung homeostasis and demonstrated the potential of a therapeutic strategy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Her work was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (January 2022).

Uncovering immune dysregulation affecting allergic diseases

Assoc Prof CHEW Fook Tim identified a functional genetic signal associated with allergies, highlighting a possible mechanism on how a targeted immune dysregulation can affect the risk for multiple disease phenotypes. This warrants further investigation for potential therapeutic intervention in affected patients. This work was published in Allergy (February 2022).

Biodiversity and sustainability research

Close-up of communal orb-weaving spiders mating. Photo credit: Shichang Zhang

Shedding light on spider sexual conflict

Assoc Prof LI Daiqin’s study on the mechanism that male spiders use to avoid sexual cannibalism made waves in over 50 international media, including CNN, BBC and Reuters. He documented a novel mechanism in a communal orb-weaving spider, where males undertake a split-second catapult action immediately after mating, fleeing their partner. This work was published in Current Biology (April 2022).

Quantifying carbon credits

Prof KOH Lian Pin mapped the multiple co-benefits of nature-based climate solutions and their positive impacts on society, providing insights to help businesses and policymakers make informed investment decisions for societal outcomes. This work was published in Nature Sustainability (May 2022).

Maximising urban coastal resilience

Assoc Prof HUANG Danwei and his team introduced a novel framework to prepare for sea-level rise along urban coasts, paving the way for potential management interventions to enhance ecosystem resilience. This work was published in Landscape and Urban Planning (February 2022).

The NUS Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming (SUrF) commenced operations in January 2022 to focus on smart solutions to boost Singapore’s food security. It brings together an interdisciplinary team from science, engineering and computing to develop novel science-based solutions for sustainable urban farming.

Shaping Future Society

In spite of pandemic restrictions, we stepped up our outreach to schools and extended our engagement to Malaysia with our inaugural Biology Camp in July 2022. The camp offered lectures and workshops to high schools in Penang and Ipoh.

Our students and alumni continued to contribute to meaningful causes that create societal impact and make a positive difference to the community.

Box Story

Our inaugural CHS cohort

“I am intrigued by how the scientific scene, especially in evolutionary biology, has changed over the past centuries. My non-science minors are invaluable in understanding the history and conflicting views of science.”

Year 1 student CHAN Kwai Wei was drawn by the flexibility of exploring diverse academic domains under the College of Humanities and Sciences (CHS). He believes that insights from his various courses – Major in Life Sciences and Minors in Philosophy, Bioinformatics and Japanese Language Studies – will broaden his perspectives on scientific endeavours and their value to life.

Learning philosophy has made him more critical of various assumptions and concepts in science, such as the paradigm shifts in science and the nature of the scientific method.

Note
CHS students’ course combinations are accurate as at Academic Year 2021/2022

Box Story

Our inaugural CHS cohort

“My studies allow me to look at the bigger picture and consider different perspectives. This is crucial as environmental problems are complex and solving them requires different fields of knowledge.”

Year 1 student Jaclyn CHAN has always been interested in wildlife, from how they interact with each other and the environment to human-wildlife interactions. She decided to take the Cross-Disciplinary Programme in Environmental Studies, which adopts an interdisciplinary and broad-based approach to address national, regional and global environmental challenges.

She plans to pursue a career in wildlife conservation, to formulate scientifically informed solutions that address the impacts of climate change and urbanisation on flora and fauna.

Note
CHS students’ course combinations are accurate as at Academic Year 2021/2022

Box Story

Budding scientist

One of the fundamental units of the brain is a neuron – millions of these are required to form an intricate network to regulate human behaviour. Year 4 student NG Shi Jun received the Outstanding Undergraduate Researcher Prize (2022) for describing how a protein known as fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 (FEZ1) could impair the formation of the neural network by not only decreasing the dendritic complexity of each neuron, but also dysregulating the intricate balance of excitatory and inhibitory input in the neural circuit. This paves the way for further study on the progression of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia.

Box Story

Asst Prof Shi (left) and Asst Prof Le (right)

Pioneering a new class of gene therapies

“We would like to make genetic medicines widely accessible for better treatment of critical diseases. We also aspire to put Singapore on the world map for biotechnology evolution.”

Current gene therapies are mainly delivered using viruses, which have various limitations. To overcome these challenges, our alumni Asst Prof LE Thi Nguyet Minh (2005) and Asst Prof SHI Jiahai (2008), Scientific Co-Founders of Carmine Therapeutics, harness red blood cell vesicles as vehicles for gene therapy, the first in the world to do so. 

Instead of chemical drugs or surgery, their patented Red Cell EV Gene Therapy (REGENT®) platform efficiently and safely delivers genes to diseased cells or tissues, restoring the tissues’ normal functions. This could potentially be applied to a wide range of critical and rare genetic diseases. 

Box Story

Leading youth voices for nature

“I hope to promote conservation initiatives by encouraging responsible interactions between youths and nature.”

Year 4 Life Sciences student Karl PNG is no stranger to environmental conservation. He co-founded Singapore Youth Voices for Biodiversity in 2019 to encourage Singapore youths to step up to the challenge of environmental conservation.

Under the National Parks Board’s Youth Stewards for Nature programme, Karl led campaigns to engage youth on greenery and biodiversity topics. He is a member of the Global Youth Biodiversity Network, an international network of youth organisations working together to preserve Earth’s natural resources. He also started Project Sarimbun, to transform the Sarimbun Scout Camp in Lim Chu Kang into a biodiversity centre.   

Box Story

New bent-toed gecko species in Timor-Leste

“We have barely scratched the surface of Timor-Leste’s biodiversity. New discoveries can have profound impacts on conservation and policy-making.”

In August 2022, we led an expedition to Timor-Leste in collaboration with Conservation International and the government of Timor-Leste. The Museum’s herpetologist, Dr CHAN Kin Onn, discovered a new species of bent-toed gecko which was named Cyrtodactylus santana, in reference to the Nino Konis Santana National Park, in which the gecko was discovered.